How to Install Ubuntu from Scratch: Complete Guide to USB, Dual Boot, and Disk Partitioning

Want to install Ubuntu on your computer, but options such as “boot from USB,” “erase disk,” “install alongside,” and “manual partitioning” feel intimidating? This guide walks you through installing Ubuntu from scratch, from preparation to the first desktop session. You’ll learn how to create an installation USB, how to install Ubuntu while keeping an existing operating system where supported, and how to choose a disk option that fits your needs. The most important warning comes first: back up important files before changing anything on a disk.

This guide is for people installing Ubuntu Desktop on a physical computer, including beginners and users who want more control over setup. Installer screens can vary by Ubuntu release. For the latest downloads and instructions, check the official Ubuntu Desktop download page and Ubuntu’s official installation guide.

1Before You Start Installing Ubuntu

Selecting the wrong drive or overwriting existing partitions can result in data loss. Preparation should come before opening the installer. If your computer contains Windows, work files, photos, or other data you cannot afford to lose, do not continue without a backup.

• Back up important files: Copy them to an external drive or trusted cloud storage, then check that the backup can be opened.
• Choose the target computer: Decide whether Ubuntu will replace your current system, share a computer with it, or be installed on an empty drive.
• Prepare a USB drive: Creating installation media may erase files already on the USB. Copy them elsewhere first.
• Plan for internet access: Ubuntu may be installable offline, but a connection is useful for downloads and updates.
• Note your computer model: Check Ubuntu and manufacturer information for special hardware such as Wi-Fi, graphics cards, or other devices.
• Connect power: Keep a laptop connected to its charger so it does not shut down during installation.

Ubuntu system requirements vary by release and intended use. Check the current requirements on the official Ubuntu download page. Consider memory and storage in relation to the applications you plan to use.

2Which Ubuntu Version Should You Download?

Ubuntu comes in different releases and flavors. For most people who want a graphical desktop for everyday use, study, or development, a sensible starting point is the stable release offered on the official Ubuntu Desktop download page. Users who prefer a longer support period may consider an LTS (Long Term Support) release. Since release numbers, support periods, and download options change, verify them on Ubuntu’s official site rather than relying on an old article.

• Ubuntu Desktop: The standard desktop release for people who want a graphical interface.
• Ubuntu LTS: May suit users who prefer a longer support period. Check the official support schedule.
• Ubuntu Server: Intended for server installations; it does not provide the same out-of-the-box experience as Ubuntu Desktop.
• Other Ubuntu flavors: Official flavors may offer different desktop environments and default applications. Choose based on the interface and workflow you want.

Official download page: ubuntu.com/download/desktop. Check the source of your ISO file and follow Ubuntu’s verification instructions where available. Do not download operating system installation files from third-party sites with unclear provenance.

3How to Create an Ubuntu Installation USB

Copying the Ubuntu ISO file onto a USB drive is not enough; the ISO must be written as bootable installation media. This process can erase existing files on the USB drive. Back them up first, then choose a tool appropriate for the operating system you are using.

• On Windows: Use a trusted USB-writing tool, select the Ubuntu ISO, confirm the correct USB device, and start writing.
• On macOS: Follow Ubuntu’s official instructions and use a compatible USB-writing tool.
• On Ubuntu or another Linux distribution: You can use Ubuntu’s Startup Disk Creator or another method documented in the official instructions.

For operating-system-specific instructions, see Ubuntu’s guide to creating an installation USB on Ubuntu. Double-check the target device in your USB-writing tool. Selecting the wrong disk or USB device can erase its data.

4Boot the Computer from USB

Once the installation USB is ready, restart the computer. Depending on the manufacturer, you may need to press a key during startup to open the boot menu. The key varies by model; common examples include F12, F11, F10, Esc, or another function key. Check your computer manufacturer's support page for the correct key.

1. Connect the installation USB to the computer.
2. Restart the computer, or shut it down completely and turn it back on.
3. Open the boot-device menu when prompted.
4. Select the USB drive. It may appear by its device name or with “UEFI” in the label.
5. When the Ubuntu startup screen appears, choose an install or try option.

If the USB does not appear in the menu, try another USB port, recreate the USB, or check your manufacturer's boot-menu instructions. Changing BIOS/UEFI settings can affect how an existing operating system starts on some computers. Do not change settings at random if you are unsure what they do.

5Try Ubuntu Before Installing

If the startup menu offers an option such as “Try Ubuntu,” you may be able to run Ubuntu temporarily without installing it on the disk. This can help you explore the interface and check basic hardware such as display resolution, keyboard, touchpad, audio, and Wi-Fi.

A live session does not guarantee that every device will work perfectly after installation, and changes made in the session may not be permanent. When you are ready to install Ubuntu, open the installer and follow its instructions.

6Choose Installation Language, Keyboard, and Network

The installer may ask you to choose a language, keyboard layout, and network connection. Select the language you want to use. If you are unsure about the keyboard layout, type a few characters in the test field to check that they appear as expected.

• Language: Select the language you want for setup and the desktop.
• Keyboard layout: Choose a layout that matches your physical keyboard.
• Internet: Connect over Wi-Fi or Ethernet if available. If not, review the offline options shown by the installer.
• Accessibility: Review any accessibility options in the installer and enable those you need.

7Normal Installation, Minimal Installation, and Extra Software

Depending on the Ubuntu release, the installer may let you choose which applications to install and whether to include certain additional software. The names of these options can change between releases, so read the descriptions on screen.

• Default or full desktop installation: May include a broader set of applications for everyday desktop use.
• Minimal installation: May suit users who prefer to start with fewer pre-installed applications. You can install what you need later.
• Third-party software and drivers: The installer may offer extra software for graphics, networking, or media. Read the description and decide according to your hardware and needs.
• Internet access: Some options may require a network connection or use it to download current packages.

These choices affect the initial setup, but most applications can be installed or removed later. Do not select an unfamiliar option simply because its name sounds familiar. Read the installer’s explanation, especially for proprietary driver or licensing choices.

8Disk Options: The Most Important Installation Decision

Before selecting an installation type, make sure you understand the disks and data on your computer. If you have more than one drive, note their capacities and, where possible, model names. Do not continue until you are certain that the disk shown in the installer is the one you intend to use. If in doubt, stop and review your backups and drive layout first.

Option A: Erase disk and install Ubuntu

This option may use the entire selected disk for Ubuntu and erase the existing operating system, partitions, and files on that disk. It may suit someone who wants Ubuntu as the only operating system, provided the correct disk has been selected. Do not choose this option if important data has not been backed up. If you have multiple storage devices, verify the target carefully.

Option B: Install alongside an existing operating system (dual boot)

If the installer detects an existing operating system, it may offer an option to install Ubuntu alongside it. You can then choose which operating system to start when the computer boots. Whether this option appears depends on the disk layout, existing operating system, and installation conditions; it is not available in every setup.

Back up important files before setting up dual boot. Windows may use BitLocker or another form of disk encryption. In some encrypted configurations, the Ubuntu installer may not be able to read the partition information needed to install alongside Windows safely. If you see a warning, do not proceed blindly. Review Ubuntu’s current official installation instructions and the documentation for your Windows device. Take care with any steps involving encryption or recovery keys.

Option C: Manual partitioning

Manual partitioning is intended for advanced users who want to manage disks and partitions themselves. You may be able to view existing partitions and change partition tables or mount points. Selecting the wrong partition can erase an existing operating system or personal files.

Before manually partitioning, understand whether your computer booted in UEFI or Legacy BIOS mode, how the existing EFI System Partition is used, and which partition is intended for the Ubuntu root filesystem and any other mount points you need. Partition layouts vary by hardware and purpose, so no single scheme fits everyone. If you are unfamiliar with Linux partitioning, do not guess in this screen.

Option D: Install to a separate physical drive

If your computer has multiple drives, installing Ubuntu to a separate drive may be an option. However, choosing the correct disk and boot configuration still matters. Carefully check the drive label and capacity in the installer; a drive that looks different is not automatically the right target.

9Encryption, LVM, and Advanced Features

Some Ubuntu installers offer advanced storage or encryption options. The available choices can vary by Ubuntu release, hardware, and installer. Before selecting one, make sure you understand what it does and how recovery works.

• Disk encryption: Can help make data harder to access if a computer is lost or stolen. If the password or recovery key is lost, you may be unable to access your data.
• LVM: A way to manage storage as logical volumes. It may interest users who want more flexible volume management.
• ZFS: A filesystem option with advanced storage capabilities and its own management requirements.
• Hardware-backed encryption options: Some choices may be experimental or have limitations related to specific hardware and drivers. Read the installer description and official documentation.

If you choose encryption, store the recovery key safely outside the computer. Keeping the only copy on the same drive is not a sufficient backup. Read the official documentation before enabling an encryption option you do not understand.

10User Account and Computer Name

The installer usually asks you to choose a username, computer name, and password. Balance security with ease of use.

• Username: Choose an account name you will recognize in everyday use.
• Computer name: Use a short, clear name that helps you identify the device on a network.
• Password: Set a strong password that you can store securely.
• Automatic login: Consider carefully whether you want anyone with access to the computer to enter your account without a password.
• Shared or managed device: Plan accounts and access according to the needs of other users or your organization.

The password you set may be requested for administrative actions. Keep it secure and do not share it. If this is a work or school computer, follow the organization's IT instructions before installing an operating system.

11Start the Installation and Complete the First Boot

After reviewing language, software, disk, and account settings, the installer may show a summary. Read any disk-related notices carefully. If you see an erase or format operation, verify once more that the selected drive is correct.

1. Review the installation summary and selected disk option.
2. If the installer lists disks or partitions to be erased, confirm that the correct device is selected.
3. Confirm the installation and do not interrupt power to the computer.
4. When installation finishes, follow the restart instructions.
5. Remove the USB drive when prompted and press Enter if requested.
6. After restart, choose Ubuntu or, in a dual-boot setup, the operating system you want from the boot menu.

The first boot may take a little while. If the computer remains on an error screen, note the message and look it up with your computer model in official Ubuntu documentation or reliable support resources. Running random disk commands can make the issue worse.

12What to Do After Installing Ubuntu

Once the Ubuntu desktop starts, perform a few basic checks to prepare the system. Menu names and settings may differ by release.

• Check for updates: Open the system updater and review available updates.
• Test your hardware: Check Wi-Fi, audio, display brightness, keyboard, touchpad, camera, and external monitors.
• Review additional drivers: Check whether Ubuntu’s driver tool offers appropriate options for your hardware.
• Set up backups: Choose a regular backup method for new files.
• Install necessary applications: Use trusted repositories or the software center.
• Review security settings: Configure updates, screen locking, and account security for your needs.
• Test the dual-boot menu: If you installed alongside another operating system, confirm that both systems can start.

If you want to update the system from the command line, follow Ubuntu’s official instructions. Do not run commands from the internet with administrator privileges unless you understand what they do. Be especially careful with commands that format disks, remove partitions, or change system configuration.

13Common Ubuntu Installation Problems

Having a problem during installation does not necessarily mean your computer is incompatible with Ubuntu. First identify when the problem occurs and note any error message shown on screen.

The computer will not boot from USB

Check that the USB was created correctly, try another USB port, and make sure the correct device was selected in the boot menu. If necessary, recreate the USB using the official ISO. Before changing boot settings, review your computer manufacturer's instructions.

Wi-Fi is not available during installation

Check whether the installer provides an offline option. After installation, review Ubuntu's driver tool and the manufacturer's Linux support information. If possible, use a temporary Ethernet connection.

The option to install alongside Windows is missing

The existing disk layout, encryption, available space, or boot configuration may affect whether this option appears. Do not proceed by erasing the disk. Back up your files and understand the current configuration, including any Windows encryption. Review Ubuntu’s official instructions and your device manufacturer's documentation before making changes.

There is a graphics or display problem

Hardware and driver support vary by model. Note your computer model, graphics hardware, and any error message, then check official Ubuntu documentation and the hardware manufacturer's information. Do not change BIOS settings or kernel boot parameters at random.

Windows does not start after installation

First open the computer's boot menu and check whether a Windows entry is listed. Do not run repair commands for partitions or boot configuration unless you understand what they do. If important data is at risk, seek reliable technical support before making further changes.

14Official and Useful Ubuntu Installation Links

Installer screens and supported options can change between releases, so check official resources before starting:

• Download Ubuntu Desktop officially
• Official Ubuntu Desktop installation guide
• Guide to creating an installation USB on Ubuntu
• Ubuntu help and documentation
• Other official Ubuntu download options

These links point to official Ubuntu domains. Release details, support periods, and installation steps can change, so verify current information before installing.

?Frequently Asked Questions

Will installing Ubuntu erase my files?

It depends on the installation option you choose. “Erase disk” and formatting operations can delete data on the selected drive. A dual-boot option is intended to preserve the existing operating system, but backing up before installation is still important. Do not continue if you are unsure which disk will be changed.

Can I install Ubuntu alongside Windows?

If the existing disk layout and configuration are suitable, the Ubuntu installer may offer an option to install alongside Windows. It is not available on every device. If you have encryption or partitioning concerns, review Ubuntu’s official guide before making changes.

Will creating an Ubuntu USB erase the files on it?

Most USB-writing methods erase or repartition the target drive. Copy files you want to keep elsewhere first and verify that you selected the correct device in the writing tool.

Can I try Ubuntu before installing it?

The installation USB may offer a “Try Ubuntu” option. It lets you run a temporary session without installing Ubuntu to the disk and can help you check the interface and basic hardware. It does not guarantee that every component will work perfectly after installation.

Should beginners use manual partitioning?

Manual partitioning is generally intended for users who understand disk partitions and mount points. If you are new to Linux, carefully review the installer’s options. Do not guess if you do not understand what will change on the disk.

Is an internet connection required to install Ubuntu?

Depending on the installation option and Ubuntu release, it may be possible to proceed without an internet connection. Connectivity can be useful for updates, additional software, and some drivers. If you install offline, check for missing updates afterwards.

Should I enable disk encryption during installation?

The decision depends on your security needs and whether you can store the recovery key safely. Encryption can make data inaccessible if you lose the key or password. Read the feature description and official documentation before enabling it.

Should I update Ubuntu after installation?

Checking for available system and application updates is a sensible first step. Manage updates through the system's own tools or Ubuntu's official instructions. Do not run administrator commands from unfamiliar sources.